This involved animating moving objects on transparent celluloid sheets.
Earl Hurd, one of Bray's employees patented the cel technique. In 1914, John Bray opened John Bray Studios, which revolutionized the way animation was created. The studio employed several animators who would have notable careers in animation, including Frank Moser, Gregory La Cava, Vernon Stallings, Tom Norton and Pat Sullivan. Barré Studio had success with the production of the adaptation of the popular comic strip Mutt and Jeff (1916-1926). After Barré had started his career in animation at Edison Studios, he founded one of the first film studios dedicated to animation in 1914 (initially together with Bill Nolan). The parts where something needed to be changed for the next frame were carefully cut away from the drawing and filled in with the required change on the sheet below. He also used a "slash and tear" technique to not have to draw the complete background or other motionless parts for every frame.
#The silent age characters movie#
The production of animated short films, typically referred to as "cartoons", became an industry of its own during the 1910s, and cartoon shorts were produced to be shown in movie theaters.Īround 1913 Raoul Barré developed the peg system that made it easier to align drawings by perforating two holes below each drawing and placing them on two fixed pins. Among McCay's most noted films are Little Nemo (1911), Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) and The Sinking of the Lusitania (1918).ĭuring the 1910s larger scale animation studios were becoming the industrial norm and artists such as McCay faded from the public eye. Each frame was drawn on paper which invariably required backgrounds and characters to be redrawn and animated.
One such artist was Winsor McCay, who created detailed animation with painstaking attention to detail. Gertie the Dinosaur by Winsor McCay, 1914įollowing the successes of Blackton and of French animator Émile Cohl (whose Fantasmagorie (1908) is regarded as the first traditional animation on standard film), many other artists began experimenting with animation.
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